Izinto ezicutshungulwa ngemishini yokomisa azibaleki. Ngaphandle komehluko wezakhiwo ze-physicochemical zezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo, izici ze-thermophysical zezinto zokwakha ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa kanye nezidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo zemishini yesistimu yokomisa ngesikhathi sokushisa nazo ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa kwabaklami. Lesi sihloko siphakamisa izindlela ezithile zokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo emishinini yokomisa yereferensi yabaklami.
Izici Zokumisa Imishini
Kuze kube manje, amakhulu ezinhlobo zemishini yokomisa ziye zathuthukiswa ngempumelelo, ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Kukhona futhi izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa imishini yokomisa. Ngokusekelwe endleleni yokudlulisa ukushisa enqubweni yokomisa, zingahlukaniswa zibe okomisa ukugeleza komoya (njengezomisa komoya, okomisa isifutho, okomisa ngokushesha okujikelezayo, okomisa umbhede oketshezi, njll.), okomisa umshini (njengama-rake dryer, ama-roller dryer), kanye nokomisa ngemisebe (njenge-microwave dryer,{3}}kukude{3}}izinto ezomisa ama-infrared). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemishini yokomisa ehlanganisa izindlela ezimbalwa zokudlulisa ukushisa, njengama-paddle dryers.
Izingxenye zokomisa eziningi ezingezona{0}}ezijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi isomisi ngasinye sicubungula izinto ezihlukene, futhi izimo eziningi zokomisa ziyashintsha ngokuya ngezinto, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo nokomisa izinto. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile amapharamitha athile wento ezomiswa, njengesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo, izinhlobo zomswakama, okuphumayo, izici ezibonakalayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa, ukuba khona kokugqwala, ukuvutha nokuqhuma, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi omile, izidingo ezithile zomkhiqizo, kanye nezinga lokushisa le-thermosensitive, ukuze kunqunywe imingcele ehlukahlukene yokomisa. Ngalesi sizathu, izinto zokomisa eziningi azikwazi{3}}ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi; ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuklama kufanele inake ukucaciswa kwezinto kanye nokuvumelana kwayo nezimo zokusebenza.
Indlela yokukhetha yezinto ezisetshenziswa emishinini yokomisa{0}yaziwa kahle. Impahla yemishini yokomisa iyisici esibalulekile ezindlekweni zeyunithi yokomisa, futhi ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula amanani ezinto zokusebenza. Ngokujwayelekile, lezi zici ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe lapho kukhethwa izinto zokwakha imishini yokomisa: Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto ezicutshungulwayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokumisa imishini ukomisa into enikeziwe. Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokomisa zisebenza ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha, ezihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi njengokusanhlamvu, ukudla, imithi, amakhemikhali, imikhiqizo yamahlathi, amaphepha, nensimbi, inani lemikhiqizo lingenakubalwa. Izidingo zezinto ezomiswa zihluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinto ezisebenza ngamakhemikhali, imithi, izinto zikagesi, nezinto zikagesi zobumba akumele zihlanganiswe nama-ayoni ensimbi phakathi nenqubo yokomisa; ngakho-ke, izinto ze-carbon steel kufanele zigwenywe ekukhethweni kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umswakama oqukethwe ama-asidi, ama-alkali, usawoti, noma izincibilikisi eziphilayo, ungagqwala izinto ezihlukene zensimbi. Lokhu kugqwala kuba kubi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushisa. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezifanele kufanele zikhethwe ngokusekelwe ezicini zokuqukethwe komswakama kundaba.
Mayelana nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo okusekelwe ohlotsheni lokomisa, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokomisa, ngasinye sinesimiso esihlukile sokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele lapho kukhethwa izinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, uma womisa i-magnesium oxide esomisini sokugeleza komoya, isivinini esiphezulu sento etholakala epayipini lokugeleza komoya nobulukhuni be-magnesium oxide kubangela ukuguga okukhulu emagobeni epayipi elomisayo. Ngakho-ke,{3}}isakhiwo esingagugiyo noma{4}}impahla engagugiyo kufanele yakhelwe le ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi engagqwali ine-conductivity ephansi kakhulu ye-thermal kune-carbon steel. Ngakho-ke, emishinini yokomisa lapho ukuqhutshwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokudlulisa ukushisa, uma insimbi engagqwali ikhethwa njengento eyinhloko, indawo yokushintshanisa ukushisa kufanele ibalwe ngokusekelwe ku-thermal conductivity yensimbi engagqwali. Izibonelo zobunjiniyela zibonisa ukuthi lapho kukhethwa izishintshi zokushisa kwesitimu, insimbi engagqwali idinga indawo engaphezulu engu-30% kune-carbon steel.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwenqubo yokumisa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezimo zokomisa. Ngake ngaklama okomisa izinga lokushisa okuphezulu{1}esomisa kanyekanye usawoti we-inorganic futhi siqalise ukusabela kwe-polymerization. Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lomoya wokomisa lalingaphezu kuka-800℃, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe insimbi ebizayo{4}}emelana nezinga lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi akuwona wonke amagumbi okomisa asendaweni-yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izibalo zibonise ukuthi{7}}izinto ezimelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu zisetshenziswe kuphela endaweni-yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Sekuphele isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka igijima ngokujwayelekile.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto okusekelwe endaweni yokufaka imishini: Ezimweni eziningi, ngisho noma izimo ezingenhla zihlangatshezwana nazo, izidingo zendawo yokufaka izinto zokusebenza kufanele zicatshangelwe. Uma okokusebenza kufakwe embonini yamakhemikhali, ukugqwala kwendawo ezungezile kumishini, isistimu yokulawula, nesistimu kagesi kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kwakhiwe ikhambi elinengqondo lokuklama.
Izindlela zokuvikela ukugqwala kwemishini yokomisa: Imishini eminingi yokomisa iqukethe izingxenye ezishiselwe, amapuleti, namasilinda. Ukwelashwa kokuvikela ukugqwala kuyadingeka kuma-dryer wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Ngezansi kukhona isipiliyoni sokuvikela ukugqwala kwezinto kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza.
Inqubo ye-Phosphating{0}}passivation: Ekwenzeni okomisa umbhede onyakazayo, u-70% wezingxenye zenziwe nge-carbon steel. Isikhathi eside sokushintsha phakathi kwezinqubo sibangela inani elikhulu lokugqwala kwakheke phezulu, okudinga umsebenzi obalulekile wezandla ukuze kukhishwe ukugqwala ngaphambi kokupenda. I-Phosphating-passivation, ngokusebenzisa i-electrochemical reaction, iphatha ukugqwala-izinto zokusebenza zensimbi ezimboziwe ngesinyathelo esisodwa, ziveze umbala we-metallic wangempela kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakheka ifilimu elicinene elilwa nokugqwala. Le filimu ingamelana nokuchayeka emoyeni onomswakama isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyishumi ngaphandle kokugqwala. Ukusebenza kwawo kulula, kuthuthukisa indawo yokusebenza, kunciphisa umfutho wabasebenzi, futhi konga abasebenzi nezinsiza. Isixazululo se-phosphating{10}}siqukethe ama-emulsifiers, ama-molybdates, ama-soluble phosphates, nama-asidi ahlukahlukene. Le ndlela ayisebenzi kuphela ezinhlotsheni zemishini ezishiwo ngenhla kodwa ingaphinda isetshenziselwe ukuvikela ukugqwala kwezinye izakhiwo ezifanayo noma amafreyimu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-electrostatic powder coating lapho kwakhiwa izinto zokuwomisa: Opende bendabuko bawuketshezi oluqukethe inani elikhulu lama-ester, ama-ketone, nama-hydrocarbon, okubangela izinkinga eziningi ekukhiqizeni, ekugcinweni, kwezokuthutha, nasekwakhiweni. Ziyavutha, ziyaqhuma, futhi aziphephile neze. Ngenxa yobuthi bazo, ziyashintshashintsha emoyeni, zingcolise kakhulu imvelo. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe bazinikele ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo ezintsha zokugqoka ezisebenzisa isisombululo esincane noma esingenaso. Olunye uhlobo olusha olunjalo lokumboza i-powder coating.
Ikhava ephezulu yesomisi sombhede esidlidlizayo senziwa kakhulu-ngensimbi eqinile egoqiwe, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu. Isizathu sokusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali esikhundleni se-carbon steel evamile ukuthi imishini izohlangana nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezigqwalayo namagesi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi insimbi engagqwali inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu; ngakho-ke,{2}}insimbi engagqwali egoqiwe isetshenziswa.
Ukufafaza nge-electrostatic ye-polyester resin powder coatings kwi-carbon steel evamile kufinyelela ukumelana nokugqwala okuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali. Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwe-powder coating luqinile, luhlala isikhathi eside, futhi lunezinto zokuhlobisa ezinhle, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu sangaphandle okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokushisa, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana ne-chalking, isicwebezelisi, nokusebenza kombala, ukufuthwa kwempushana kwe-electrostatic kulungele ngokuphelele ukuvikela ukugqwala kwamagobolondo okomisa.
Ingxoxo Nge-Welding of Austenitic Nickel-I-Chromium Stainless Steel Izingxenye eziningi zemishini yokomisa ziyizakhiwo zensimbi ezishiselwe, namashidi amaningi athi 1Cr18Ni9Ti (18-8 uhlobo). Ukugqwala kanye nezinkinga zokuphuka kuvame ukuvela ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu impilo nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Umehluko phakathi kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic kanye ne-carbon steel evamile ilele ekuphatheni kwayo okushisayo kwe-thermal, i-coefficient enkulu yokwanda okushisayo ngesikhathi sokushisa, kanye nokumelana nogesi okuphezulu. Ngenxa yalezi zici, izinqubo zokushisela ezikhethekile ziyadingeka ngensimbi ye-austenitic. I-Intergranular corrosion ingenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko zensimbi ene-alloy. Nakuba le nsimbi ngokwayo inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, inqubo yokushisela inciphisa lokhu kumelana. Amafomu okugqwala ngesikhathi sokushiselwa kwensimbi ye-austenitic ahlanganisa: ukugqwala okuphelele, okwasendaweni, kanye ne-intergranular. Imboni yasekhaya yangenisa impahla yokomisa evela phesheya. Izindlela zokushisela ezingalungile zonakalisa i-microstructure yohlaka lwensimbi engagqwali yesihlungi sesikhwama, okubangele ukugqwala kwe-intergranular. Phakathi nenqubo yokomisa, izinto eziqukethwe izingxenye ze-acidic, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okusheshayo kohlaka lwensimbi.
Isiphetho Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokomisa buthuthuke bafinyelela esimweni sabo samanje, njengobuchwepheshe bonjiniyela, impumelelo yabo ayincikile nje kuphela ezingeni lethiyori yokomisa kodwa futhi eduze nesakhiwo semishini, ukukhethwa kwempahla, nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Uma kubhekwa izici ezihlukahlukene, ukwakha uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluphusile kunokubaluleka okubalulekile kwezomnotho.